• Document Up to Date
  • Updated On 4.0.0

Content Modeling

Every content object in CrafterCMS is an object associated with a Content Model. Content Models allow you to add structure to your content and facilitate consumption via various visual representations or via APIs. One of the great things about CrafterCMS content models is that your content can be semi-structured which allows content authors the freedom to be as creative as they’d like to be, but provide the template/UI and API developers enough structure to produce solid multi-channel renditions of the content. This section will walk you through Content Type management in Crafter Studio to help you create the models that best fit your requirements.

Content Types in Crafter Studio

Content Type Management in Crafter Studio is located in the projectTools.

Project Tools Link

Content Types are limited to two core types: Pages and Components. Both are made up of three ingredients:

  1. Model: The content pieces that will be captured from the content authors for the page or component

  2. View: The view template that will render the content, typically to HTML markup

  3. Controller: The controller that handles the incoming request for the page or component

Pages

Pages are top-level container types. Pages hold content, and optionally components. Content within pages is made up of various types, for example content can be a date, an image, or a rich text field.

Components

Components only differ from pages in that they can’t render by themselves, instead, they must render within a container page or another component.

Content Type Model Definition

Content models are defined via Crafter Studio’s graphical modeling tool under Content Types:

Project Tools - Content Types

You can now either create a new content type or open an existing type. Creating a new content type brings up a dialog that requests some basic content type information.

Project Tools - Create Content Type

You now specify:

  • Display Label: The name of your new content type as you’ll see it in Crafter Studio.

  • Content Type Name: The low-level system name of your content type, this field will be automatically generated for you. Modify this only if you know what you’re doing.

  • Type: Choose if you’re defining a Page or a Component.

Note

Content Type Name will be removed in a future release in favor of full automation of name generation with collision resolution mechanics.

Form Builder Basics

Content Type Editor

Crafter Studio’s Form Builder

Label
Description
1



Form Builder: The beginning of the form builder and it’s headed by the name of the
currently open Content Type.
Click here to explore the global properties of the type in the Properties Explorer,
#3.
2
Delete Icon: Deletes the current content type
3



Properties Explorer: Helps configure the properties of the currently
selected item. Clicking on an item on the left side of the screen,
like #2 or #7 will populate this control and allow you to modify
the selected item.
4



Form Controls: This is a list of available form controls for you to build your own
form with. Note that the list can be expanded or collapsed and a search can also be
performed instead of scrolling through the list.
Controls can be dragged from the controls list onto the form builder.
5





Data Sources: Shows the list of available data sources that can be attached to this
content type such that the content authors can pull content and incorporate it into
pages or components. Data Sources can be dragged over to the form builder
and configured as needed.
The content author will then use the control to pull data from that data source into
the content object.
6


Form Section: Form sections help cluster a number of controls together to make it
easier for content authors. Click on the form section to edit its properties in
the Properties Explorer.
7


Form Canvas: Actual controls that have been placed on this form.
Clicking on a control will allow you to configure this control in the Properties
Explorer.
8


Data Source: The data sources configured for this content type.
To configure a data source, click on it and then edit the properties
in the Properties Explorer.
9
Save, Save & Close, Save & Minimize or Cancel the changes to the Content Type.

Properties of Content Types

Let’s select the content type itself, by clicking on the content type name at the top of the Form Builder and explore its properties.

Properties Explorer :align: center

The fields available at this level are:

Field
Description
Title
Content Type’s friendly name
Description
Description of the Content Type
Object Type
Page or Component (read only)
Content Type
System name and path of this content type (read only)
Preview
Image
An image that reflects what an instance of this content item might look like.
It will be shown in the user interface when creating new content instances.
Configuration

Contains config.xml which holds information about the content type such as the
limit where content can be created, is it previewable, etc.
Controller

Contains controller.groovy which provides an extension/hook to authoring
lifecycle events.
Display
Template
View template to use when rendering this content

Merge
Strategy
The inheritance pattern to use with content of this type, please see Content
Inheritance for more detail on this feature Content Inheritance
Show in Quick
Create
Show this content type in the quick create menu from the context nav

Destination
Path Pattern






Path pattern where the content created from quick create will be stored.
The patterns available are the following:
{objectId} Inserts a GUID.
{year} Inserts the current year (4 digit year).
{month} Inserts the current month (2-digit month of the year).
{yyyy} Inserts the current year (4 digit year).
{mm} Inserts the current month (2-digit month of the year).
{dd} Inserts the current day (2-digit day of the month).

The 2 key properties are: the display template (Content Type View Templates) which is the HTML template that renders the final Web page; the content inheritance (Content Inheritance) which determines how this content type will inherit from parent XML files in the system.

Content Creation Permissions

Limiting where a content type can be created is through the Configuration Property of a content type (config.xml) using the following tags:

1<paths>
2  <includes>
3    <pattern>REG_EXP_HERE</pattern>
4  </includes>
5</paths>

OR

1<paths>
2  <excludes>
3    <pattern>REG_EXP_HERE</pattern>
4  </excludes>
5</paths>

You can only use one of either include or exclude. Use Include when you need to whitelist places, use exclude when you need to blacklist.

We’ll look at an example of limiting where you can create content from the Website_Editorial blueprint that comes out of the box.

From the Sidebar, click on projectTools at the bottom. Next, click on Content Types then either create a new content type or open an existing content type. In the image below, we have the content type Article open for editing. Go to the Properties Explorer and click on Configuration. A pencil will appear next to the file name config.xml, click on that pencil to edit.

Form Engine Properties Configuration :align: center

To limit where this particular content type can be created, the tags, <paths><includes><pattern>some_regex_pattern</pattern></includes></paths> are included towards the bottom of the file. Here, we can see that content type Article can be created anywhere under /site/website/articles

Form Engine Properties Configuration File config.xml

1<paths>
2  <includes>
3    <pattern>^/site/website/articles/.*</pattern>
4  </includes>
5</paths>

To see how the above tags/example works, go to the Sidebar and right click on the Home folder and select New Content. Notice that content type Article is not available from the content types listed.

Form Engine Properties Config File "Articles" Not Available

From the Sidebar again, navigate from the Pages folder to the /Home/articles/2020/12/ folder then right click and select New Content, notice that the content type Article is available from the list.

Form Engine Properties Config File "Article" Available

To see more examples, try creating content types in the other folders in the Sidebar such as the Taxonomy folder, the Components folder and anywhere under the Pages folder.

Cascade on Delete Configuration

Cascade on delete allows the automatic deletion of child items matching a regexp when a content is deleted.

Enabling cascade on delete is configured through the content type Configuration property (config.xml) using the following tags:

1<delete-dependencies>
2  <delete-dependency>
3    <pattern>REG_EXP_HERE</pattern>
4    <remove-empty-folder>false</remove-empty-folder>
5  </delete-dependency>
6</delete-dependencies>

We’ll look at an example of how to enable cascade on delete on the Article content type in the Website_editorial blueprint.

From the Sidebar, click on projectTools at the bottom. Next, click on Content Types. We will select the content type Article for editing. Next, go to the Properties Explorer and click on Configuration. A pencil will appear next to the file name config.xml, click on that pencil to edit.

We’re going to enable cascade on delete for articles (Article content type) containing images under /static-assets/item/images, and we’ll also delete empty folders under /static-assets/item/images by adding the following code in the config.xml file:

1<delete-dependencies>
2  <delete-dependency>
3    <pattern>(^/static-assets/item/images/.*)</pattern>
4    <remove-empty-folder>true</remove-empty-folder>
5  </delete-dependency>
6</delete-dependencies>

To see cascade on delete in action, let’s create a new article (Article content type) under one of the article folders in the Sidebar. Enter data in the required fields and remember to upload from desktop an image in the Image field in the Content section. Click on the Save & Close button.

New article with image uploaded activity list in Dashboard

Let’s look at the dependencies of our newly created article, where we expect the image under the static-assets/items/images/2022/04/22 will be deleted when we delete the article since we have configured cascade on delete for content type Article for items under the directory static-assets/item/images:

New article with image uploaded dependencies

Open the Sidebar and navigate to the newly created article. Right click on the newly created article and select Delete. Open the Dashboard and notice the items listed as deleted in the My Recent Activity widget.

New article with image uploaded deleted activity list in Dashboard

Note that there are default/configured protected folders that can’t be deleted. See here for more information.

Copy Dependencies Configuration

Copy dependencies allows the automatic copying of child items matching a regexp when a content is copied.

Enabling copy dependencies is configured through the content type Configuration property (config.xml) using the following tags:

1<copy-dependencies>
2  <copy-dependency>
3    <pattern>REG_EXP_HERE</pattern>
4    <target>FOLDER_FOR_COPIES</target>
5  </copy-dependency>
6</copy-dependencies>

We’ll look at an example of how to enable copy dependencies on the Article content type in the website editorial blueprint.

From the Sidebar, click on projectTools at the bottom. Next, click on Content Types. We will select the content type Article for editing. Next, go to the Properties Explorer and click on Configuration. A pencil will appear next to the file name config.xml, click on that pencil to edit.

We’re going to enable copy dependencies for articles (Article content type) containing images under /static-assets/images/ and placing the copies in folder /static-assets/images/articles/ by adding the following code in the config.xml file:

1<copy-dependencies>
2  <copy-dependency>
3    <pattern>(^/static-assets/images/.*)</pattern>
4    <target>/static-assets/images/articles/</target>
5  </copy-dependency>
6</copy-dependencies>

Click on Save & Close, then save changes made to the content type by clicking on Save.

To see copy dependencies in action, let’s copy an article under one of the article folders from the Sidebar. First, we’ll create the folder articles under /static-assets/images. Next, we’ll navigate to articles/2020/12/Top Books For Young Women. Right click on the article and select Copy. Navigate to articles/2020/7, right click on the folder and select Paste.

Let’s look at the dependencies of our copied article, where we expect a copy of the image under the static-assets/images/articles will be located since we have configured cop dependencies for content type Article for items under the directory static-assets/images:

Copy of article with copy of image

Item Specific Dependencies

Item specific dependencies allows for the automatic copying of child items matching the regex pattern in the studio-config.yaml file when a content is copied. It also allows the automatic deletion of child items matching the regex pattern in the studio-config.yaml file when a content is deleted.

Below is the regex pattern for item specific dependencies:

# Regex pattern for item specific dependencies
studio.configuration.dependency.itemSpecificPatterns: /site/components/page/.*,/static-assets/page/.*,/site/components/item/.*,/static-assets/item/.*

/site/components/page/.* and /static-assets/page/.* are legacy regex pattern for backwards compatibility. Moving forward, we suggest using the following regex patterns for item specific dependencies: /site/components/item/.* and /static-assets/item/.*

Item specific dependencies are configured during content type creation. We’ll look at an example of how content is modeled to take advantage of item specific dependencies, using the Article content type in the website editorial blueprint.

From the Sidebar, click on projectTools at the bottom. Next, click on Content Types. We will select the content type Article for editing.

Scroll to the Data Sources section, and click on Upload Images. Notice the value in the Repository Path property, which is the path where to store the new file uploaded from desktop.

Modeling content for item specific dependencies

Let’s take a closer look at the value for the Repository Path property. The value listed is:

/static-assets/item/images/{yyyy}/{mm}/{dd}/

where:

  • {yyyy} inserts the current year when the image is uploaded (4 digit year)

  • {mm} inserts the current month when the image is uploaded (2-digit month of the year)

  • {dd} inserts the current day when the image is uploaded (2-digit day of the month)

To take advantage of item specific dependencies for copying and deleting, we will place uploaded items in /static-assets/item/. We added a folder image to better organize our items, since in this location, we will only be storing images. We also used the macros {yyyy}, {mm} and {dd}, again to better organize our image (we can browse by year, or by month, or by date). So, when an image is uploaded from the Desktop say on May 17, 2020, the image will be stored in the following location:

/static-assets/item/images/2020/05/17/

The macros {yyyy}, {mm} and {dd} are available for content modelers to use to better organize their project items. To see other macros available for content modelers, see Macros for Data Sources.

Let’s take a look at item specific dependencies in action for copying and deleting content. Let’s create a new article (Article content type) under one of the article folders in the Sidebar. Enter data in the required fields and remember to upload from desktop an image in the Image field in the Content section. Click on the Save & Close button. Note the location where the image is uploaded.

New article created with image uploaded from Desktop

From the Sidebar, navigate to the newly created article. Right click on the article and select Copy. Navigate to a different folder, right click on the folder and select Paste.

Let’s look at the dependencies of our copied article, where we expect a copy of the image under the /static-assets/item/images/2021/10/05 will be located since we have taken advantage of the item specific dependencies regex pattern of /static-assets/item/*.

Copy of image uploaded from Desktop created when article was copied in dependencies

Let’s also take a look at the static-assets folder to see the copy of the uploaded image

Copy of image uploaded from Desktop created when article was copied in Sidebar

Now let’s take a look at what happens when we delete content with item specific dependencies. From the Sidebar, navigate to the article that we created. Right click on the article and select Delete. Click on the Delete button when the Delete dialog appears. Notice the items that will be deleted when we delete the article.

Delete dialog showing items to be deleted

Open the Dashboard and notice the items that are deleted. We deleted an article, and since the image is located in a path matching the regex pattern for item specific dependencies, the image is deleted along with the article.

Sidebar and Dashboard showing items that were deleted when the article was deleted

Quick Create

Quick create allows content authors to create content with as few clicks as possible through a button from the context nav for configured content types.

Context Nav showing the quick create button

Let’s take a look at an example on how to configure a content type to be available from the quick create button in the context nav for authors using the out of the box blueprint Website Editorial. In the image below, we have a project named My Editorial with the quick create button expanded. Notice that we have one content type available for quick create, the Article content type.

Context Nav showing the expanded quick create button

If you look at the project tree as shown above, most of the content (the articles) is organized in a dated folder structure. Adding quick create for the Article content type lets the content author skip having to open the Sidebar, then navigate through the project tree, create the year/month folder if it does not exist yet, then finally create their content.

To setup quick create for a content type, from the Sidebar, click on projectTools at the bottom. Next, click on Content Types. We will select the content type Article for editing. Next, go to the Properties Explorer and scroll to the Quick Create section of the properties.

Article Content Type Quick Create Properties

Check the Show in Quick Create property to make the content type available from the quick create button of the Article content type.

In the Destination Path Pattern, fill in the path pattern where the content created from quick create will be stored. For our example, notice that the articles are arranged in the following folder structure:

/articles
  /{year}
    /{month}

We will then put in /site/website/articles/{year}/{month} as the path pattern, which will put the new content into the year and month folder when the content author used quick create.

Below is the project tree after using the quick create button to create a new article titled New article using quick create, where the year and month folders were created for the new article using the value in the Destination Path Pattern property of the content type.

Article created using quick create

Form Controls

Form Controls are data input controls that, once placed on a form, will capture that input from the content authors and store it in the content object. CrafterCMS ships with a number of out-of-the-box controls and you can also create your own by reading Building Form Engine Control Project Plugins.

Form Engine Controls :align: center

Each Form Control type has it’s own properties and constraints. Some constraints are common, like “Variable Name” and “Required” while others apply only to the type, e.g. Height and Width limitations on the Image Picker control.

Here’s a list of available Form Engine Controls:

Control
Description
Form Controls - Form Section



Create a new section in the form, this is to help the content
authors by segmenting a form into sections of similar concern.

Details are in the Form Section Control page.
Form Controls - Repeating Group




Repeating groups are used when the form has one or several controls
that repeat to capture the same data as records. For example: a
list of images in a carousel, or a list of widgets on a page.

Details are in the Repeating Group Control page.
Form Controls - Input


A simple textual input line.

Details are in the Input Control page.
Form Controls - Numeric Input


A simple numeric input line.

Details are in the Numeric Input Control page.
Form Controls - Text Area


A simple block of plain text.

Details are in the Text Area Control page.
Form Controls - Rich Text Editor


A block of HTML.

Details are in the Rich Text Editor Control page.
Form Controls - Dropdown


Dropdown list of items to pick from.

Details are in the Dropdown Control page.
Form Controls - Date Time


Date and Time field with a picker.

Details are in the Date/Time Control page.
Form Controls - Time


Time field with a picker.

Details are in the Time Control page.
Form Controls - Check Box


True/False checkbox.

Details are in the Checkbox Control page.
Form Controls - Grouped Check Box


Several checkboxes (true/false).

Details are in the Grouped Checkboxes Control page.
Form Controls - Item Selector


Item selector from a Data Source

Details are in the Item Selector Control page.
Form Controls - Image


Image selector from a Data Source.

Details are in the Image Control page.
Form Controls - Video


Video selector from a Data Source.

Details are in the Video Control page.
Form Controls - Transcoded Video


Transcoded Video selector from Video Transcoding Data Source.

Details are in the Transcoded Video Control page.
Form Controls - Label


Displays text

Details are in the Label Control page.
Form Controls - Page Order


Allows changing the page order

Details are in the Page Order Control page.
Form Controls - File Name


A simple text filename

Details are in the Filename Control page.
Form Controls - Auto Filename




Details are in the Auto Filename Control page.
Form Controls - Internal Name




Details are in the Internal Name Control page.
Form Controls - Locale Selector




Details are in the Locale Selector Control page.

Form Control Variable Names

Every Form Control has a Variable Name property. The Variable Name is used by the form engine to store the content entered by the user in the content model and search index. This same Variable Name is used later by templates and controllers to retrieve the value.

Variable Name Best Practices

  1. Be descriptive. Well thought out Variable Names help with template and controller readability.

  2. Use camel case. Example: “productSummary”.

  3. Use regex constraints on input boxes to enforce additional validation rules

  4. Do not use Reserved names.

Reserved Variable Names

The following variable names are used by CrafterCMS.

Variable Name
Description
file-name*
Used by the File Name and Auto File Name control.
internal-name
Used by Crafter Studio to label the content object
placeInNav
Used by the Page Order control.
disabled

Used to logically remove an object in content delivery.
For more information, see Disabling a Page
expired
Used to logically remove an object after date
expired_dt

Used to logically remove an object after date
For more information, see Content Monitoring
objectId
UUID. Auto assigned by Crafter
objectGroupId
First part of objectId. Auto assigned by Crafter
createdDate
create date. Auto assigned by Crafter
createdDate_dt
Alternate name for create date. Auto assigned by Crafter
lastModifiedDate
Last modified date. Auto assigned by Crafter
lastModifiedDate_dt
Alternate name for last modified date. Auto assigned by Crafter
content-type
Content type name
display-template
Path to default template for type
merge-strategy
Crafter Core/Engine “Merge Strategy” for content type
id
reserved for a unique identifier
authorizedRoles
Used to restrict pages based on roles
role
Contains the role required to access a page
mime-type
Mime-type name
force-https
HTTPS connection needs to be forced to access the page
navLabel
Navigation label
redirect-url
Redirect URL
crafterSite

Used to set the site value
See note in Crafter Engine API for more information
localId
Name of the field for paths. Used by the deployer
rootId
Root Id name. Used by the deployer
includedDescriptors
Included descriptors field name. Used by the deployer
crafterPublishedDate
The name for the publish date field. Used by the deployer
disableFlattening

Used to indicate if XML flattening should be disabled when
indexing XML. Used by the deployer
content
Used by the deployer
contentType
Name of field for mimeType. Used by the deployer
width
Used by the deployer
height
Used by the deployer
contentLength
Name of field for file size. Used by the deployer
lastEditedOn
Name of field for last edit date. Used by the deployer
internalName
Name of field for internal name. Used by the deployer

* Note on file names

CrafterCMS supports the following characters in file and folder names:

Alphanumeric, ,_,-,(,)

as a regex:

[a-zA-Z0-9-_  ()]+

It’s important to point out that Crafter Studio enforces this regex in its UI. However, if you’re working outside of Studio (in your IDE, for example) and you violate these rules, problems may arise downstream, so it’s best to stick the allowed characters.


Note

A note on the crafterSite reserved variable name

Crafter Engine and Crafter Studio identify which project a user is looking at by a number of different mechanisms with the following precedence:

  • Headers

  • QSA (Query String Parameters e.g. crafterSite)

  • Cookie

Additionally, if the cookie is not aligned, the cookie is to be reset to what’s above it.

Variable Names and Search Indexing

CrafterCMS indexes your content in the search index using your content model variable name as the field name.

To facilitate indexing, the following suffix should be appended to variable names depending on the variable data type:


Type


Field
Suffix


Multivalue
Suffix
(repeating
groups)
Description



integer
_i
_is
a 32 bit signed integer
string

_s

_ss

String (UTF-8 encoded string or Unicode). A string
value is indexed as a single unit.
long
_l
_ls
a 64 bit signed integer
text
_t
_txt
Multiple words or tokens
boolean
_b
_bs
true or false
float
_f
_fs
IEEE 32 bit floating point number
double
_d
_ds
IEEE 64 bit floating point number
date
_dt
_dts
A date in ISO 8601 date format
time

_to

_tos

A time in HH:mm:ss format (the value will be
set to date 1/1/1970 automatically)
text with
html tags
_html





Model fields require their respective data type postfix as listed above. The UI autofills the Name/ Variable Name field and adds postfixes as you’re typing in the Title field.

When setting up reserved variable names for your model, remember to remove the postfix auto-added by the UI since the variable name needs to be exactly the same as listed above.

Remember to also remove the postfix auto-added by the UI when using key or value for your variable names being setup as key-value pairs in a content type, such as the Taxonomy content type used in the Website Editorial blueprint.

Please note that indexed text fields are case insensitive when performing a search, while string fields are case sensitive. Also, queries using string fields will only match full values besides being case sensitive.

If performing a case insensitive search on a string field is desired, CrafterCMS provides a way by enabling tokenization of the field in the content type. To enable tokenization of a string field in Studio, put a check in the checkbox labeled Tokenize for Indexing in the properties section of the content type field. Below is the Article content type in a project created using the Website Editorial blueprint, showing the field Author with the Tokenize for Indexing option:

Enable case insensitive keyword search for string fields in content type by clicking on "Tokenize for Indexing"

It should also be noted that when the tokenize option is enabled, a second field will be created with the _t postfix. This second field with the _t postfix should be used in queries to be case insensitive and match tokens. In our example above, the field author_t should be used in queries instead of author_s to be case insensitive and match tokens.

Let’s take a look at an example of queries performed on a string field with tokenize enabled and compare the results of using the field with the _s postfix and the second field created when we enabled tokenize with the _t postfix. We’ll use the Author field shown above with Tokenize for Indexing enabled. Here are the results of the queries using the author_s and author_t fields:

Query

Matches author_s?

Matches author_t?

Jane

No

Yes

jane

No

Yes

Jane Doe

Yes

Yes

jane doe

No

Yes

Jane doe

No

Yes

Another thing to note is since CrafterCMS stores content as XML files, certain content fields which contain special characters must be escaped. By default, CrafterCMS will escape content fields of types:

  • HTML (_html)

  • Text (_t)

  • String (_s)

  • Multi-valued string (_smv, _mvs)

  • Internal-name (internal-name)

This default configuration can be modified by editing the element <cdata-escaped-field-patterns> in the configuration file Project Configuration from the Project Tools -> Configuration

1<!--
2  Specifies the regular expression patterns to match content type field
3  names that require CDATA escaping.
4-->
5<cdata-escaped-field-patterns>
6  <pattern>(_html|_t|_s|_smv|mvs)$</pattern>
7  <pattern>internal-name</pattern>
8</cdata-escaped-field-patterns>

Data Sources

Form Engine Data Sources

Data Sources are pickers that help pull in content from internal or external storage/systems. For example, data source include: desktop video uploader, desktop image uploader, and so on. CrafterCMS ships with a number of out-of-the-box data sources and you can also create your own by reading Building Form Engine Data Source Project Plugins.

Data Sources allows the content model designer to decide where different assets uploaded via different controls go (for instance icons, images, RTE related assets, etc.). It has it’s own properties, like “Repository Path”, which specifies the path where assets are stored, which help keep the system consistent over time. The storage destination designed in the model dictates how those assets are handled during a duplicate event (duplicate the asset or duplicate the reference to the asset).

Shared and Embedded Content Data Sources

There are a couple of data source that also dictates how components are handled during duplicate/copy events. The Shared Content data source will duplicate/copy the reference to a component during a duplicate/copy event and is used for components that need to be shared across pages or components. For components that belong exclusively to a content object, use the Embedded Content data source.

The shared-content data sources also provides an option to allow users to search for existing items (Enable Search Existing property) in addition to browsing. This provides users ease of managing lots of items/assets.

Data sources are usually used in conjunction with a control in the content type, for example, the Item Selector Control is used for selecting files to be uploaded when bound with the File Uploaded from Desktop Data Source data source.

Let’s take a look at a shared content data source in a project created using the Video Center blueprint from the Marketplace.

Form Engine Data Sources Example - Create Project Using Video Center Blueprint

Open the Sidebar then click on projectTools. Click on Content Types and select Stream, then click on the Open Type button. Scroll down to the Data Sources section, then click on Origins, a shared content data source. Notice how a Item Selector Control control is used for selecting shared content Origin. In the Properties Explorer on the right side, put a check mark on Enable Search Existing property so users can search for existing items.

Form Engine Data Sources Example - Shared Content Data Source

To see the property we setup in action, open the Sidebar, then navigate to /streams. Right click on any of the items, say, AlphaGo, then click on Edit. Scroll down to the Content section of the form. In the Origin field, select the item next to it (ShakaDemo) then click on the x button to remove it. We’ll now add a new one, by clicking on the Add button, then select Search for Existing - Origins.

Form Engine Data Sources Example - Author Search for Existing Option

A search dialog will open displaying in a grid view, items the user can search through, select, filter, etc. As we can see, the search option makes it easier for users to pick items instead of scrolling through all the available items, especially for say projects with hundreds or even thousands of items/assets.

Form Engine Data Sources Example - Author Search for Existing Dialog

List of Data Sources

Form Engine Data Sources (please use the scrollbar to see more data sources)

Datasource
Description
Form Data Sources - Components
Details are in the Components Data Source page.
Form Data Sources - Shared Content
Details are in the Shared Content Data Source page.
Form Data Sources - Embedded Content
Details are in the Embedded Content Data Source page.
Form Data Sources - Image Uploaded From Desktop
Form Data Sources - Image From Repository
Details are in the Image from Repository Data Source page.
Form Data Sources - File Uploaded From Desktop
Form Data Sources - File Browse
Details are in the File Browse Data Source page.
Form Data Sources - WebDAV Repo
Form Data Sources - WebDAV Image Repo
Form Data Sources - WebDAV Video Repo
Form Data Sources - WebDAV Upload
Details are in the WebDAV File Upload Data Source page.
Form Data Sources - WebDAV Image Upload
Details are in the WebDAV Image Upload Data Source page.
Form Data Sources - WebDAV Video Upload
Details are in the WebDAV Video Upload Data Source page.
Form Data Sources - S3 Repo
Details are in the S3 Repository Data Source page.
Form Data Sources - S3 Image Repo
Details are in the Image from S3 Repository Data Source page.
Form Data Sources - S3 Video Repo
Details are in the Video from S3 Repository Data Source page.
Form Data Sources - S3 Upload
Details are in the S3 File Upload Data Source page.
Form Data Sources - S3 Image Upload
Details are in the S3 Image Upload Data Source page.
Form Data Sources - S3 Video Upload
Details are in the S3 Video Upload Data Source page.
Form Data Sources - Video Upload then Transcode from S3 Repo
Form Data Sources - Video Uploaded From Desktop
Form Data Sources - Video From Repository
Details are in the Video from Repository Data Source page.
Form Data Sources - Static Key Value Pairs
Details are in the Static Key Value Pairs Data Source page.
Form Data Sources - Simple Taxonomy
Details are in the Simple Taxonomy Data Source page.

Macros for Data Sources

There are a number of macros available for the content model designer to use in data sources. These macros are used when uploading assets to better organize project items, usually in the Repository Path property of the data source for uploading. Here are the available macros:

Macro
Description
{objectId}
Inserts a GUID
{objectGroupId}
Inserts the first 4 characters of a GUID
{objectGroupId2}
Inserts the first 2 characters of a GUID
{year}
Inserts the current year (4 digit year)
{month}
Inserts the current month (2-digit month of the year)
{parentPath}
Inserts the parent path of the component/page containing the upload controls
{parentPath[index]}

Inserts the sub element of a parent path using an index, of the component/page
containing the upload controls
{yyyy}
Inserts the current year (4 digit year)
{mm}
Inserts the current month (2-digit month of the year)
{dd}
Inserts the current day (2-digit day of the month)

For an example of how the macros are used when modeling your content, the website_editorial blueprint uses some of the macros available in the content type Article.

The section Item Specific Dependencies above details the use of some of the macros in the website_editorial blueprint, content type Article.

Note

For both the parentPath and parentPath[index] macros, the path starts without /site/website and /site/components.

For example, if in the repository the parent is a page, and the page URL in the repository is /site/website/en/about-us/index.xml, then the parentPath is /en/about-us/index.xml.

If in the repository the parent is a component, and the component URL in the repository is /site/components/en/products/myproduct.xml, then the parentPath is /en/products/myproduct.xml.



Data Sources macro: parentPath[index]

The parentPath[index] macro provides resolution support for sub elements of a parent path in Crafter Studio. It pulls a single sub / of the parent path with the following syntax {parentpath[index]}

Here are some examples:

If the parentPath is /en/mypage, then to get the sub element en, use 0 as the index in the macro like so {parentpath[0]}

If the parentPath is /products/household/cleaning then to get the sub element household, use 1 as the index in the macro like so {parentpath[1]}

Form Canvas

The canvas is where the form actually gets built. The building process is performed by simply dragging the controls from the Form Controls over to the canvas, rearranging the controls in the order you’d like to present to the content authors, and configuring the controls individually.

Controls on the canvas are configured by clicking on the control, and then editing the control’s configuration in the Properties Explorer, see item #3 in Form Builder Basics. Different controls have different configuration, so please review the individual form control configuration listed in Form Controls.

Two controls have a special significance to the form canvas: Form Section Control and Repeating Group Control. Form Section Control creates a form section that can be expanded and collapsed and holds within it other controls. This is typically used to group together controls that cover a similar concern and help provide the content authors with a clear and organized form when editing in form mode. Like the Form Section Control, Repeating Group Control is also a container that holds other controls, but the purpose is to allow a set of controls to repeat as configured. This is typically used to allow content authors to enter a set of meta-data and repeat it as many times as desired and permitted by configuration.

The canvas allows the form-based content capture only, and is used by content authors when they’re in that mode. In-Context Editing will leverage the form components, but not the canvas when authors are in that mode. Learn more about In-Context Editing configuration in Experience Builder.

Content Type View Templates

View templates control how the model is rendered as HTML. Crafter uses FreeMarker as the templating engine, and provide the full model defined by the model in the previous section. Every element in the model is accessible to the view template via a simple API ${contentModel.VARIABLE_NAME} where variable name is the Name / Variable Name definition in the Form Control. View templates are primarily written in HTML, backed by CSS with API calls weaved within to pull content from the primary CrafterCMS model or additional model (via APIs, please read Groovy API for that topic).

An example view template

 1<#import "/templates/system/common/cstudio-support.ftl" as studio />
 2
 3<!DOCTYPE html>
 4<html lang="en">
 5  <head>
 6    <!-- Basic Page Need
 7    ================================================== -->
 8    <meta charset="utf-8">
 9    <title>${contentModel.browser_title}</title>
10    <meta name="description" content="${contentModel.meta_description}">
11    <meta name="keywords" content="${contentModel.meta_keywords}">
12  </head>
13  <body>
14    <div class="body" <@studio.iceAttr iceGroup="body"/>>
15      ${contentModel.body_html}
16    </div>
17
18    <#if (contentModel.analytics_script)??>${contentModel.analytics_script}</#if>
19  </body>
20</html>

The simple example renders a simple HTML page with a very basic model. Let’s review the model first:

Model Element
Control
Purpose
browser_title
Input
Provide a browser title for the page
meta_keywords
Input
SEO keywords associated with the page
body_html

Rich Text
Editor
The page’s main HTML body (in this case, it’s
just a static HTML block).
analytics_script
Text Area
Analytics’s Engine JavaScript

The FreeMarker language is supported. For detailed Freemarker documentation, please visit: http://freemarker.org

Content Type Controller Definition

Crafter page and components can have their own controller scripts too, that are executed before the page or component is rendered, and that can contribute to the model of the template. These scripts, besides the common variables, have the templateModel and the contentModel available. The templateModel is the actual map model of the template, and any variable put in it will be accessible directly in the template, eg. if the script has the line templateModel.var = 5, then in the template the var’s value can be printed with ${var}. The contentModel is the XML descriptor content, of type SiteItem. The scripts don’t have to return any result, just populate the templateModel.

There are 2 ways in which you can “bind” a script to a page or component:

  1. Put the script under Scripts > pages or Scripts > components, and name it after the page or component content type.

  2. When creating the content type for the page or component, add an Item Selector with the variable name scripts. Later when creating a page or component of that type, you can select multiple scripts that will be associated to the page or component.

The following is an example of a component script. The component content type is /component/upcoming-events. We can then place the script in Scripts > components > upcoming-events.groovy so that it is executed for all components of that type.

 1import org.craftercms.engine.service.context.SiteContext
 2
 3import utils.DateUtils
 4
 5def now = DateUtils.formatDateAsIso(new Date())
 6def queryStr = "crafterSite:\"${siteContext.siteName}\" AND content-type:\"/component/event\" AND disabled:\"false\" AND date_dt:[${now} TO *]"
 7def start = 0
 8def rows = 1000
 9def sort = "date_dt asc"
10def query = searchService.createQuery()
11
12query.setQuery(queryStr)
13query.setStart(start)
14query.setRows(rows)
15query.addParam("sort", sort)
16query.addParam("fl", "localId")
17
18def events = []
19def searchResults = searchService.search(query)
20if (searchResults.response) {
21  searchResults.response.documents.each {
22    def event = [:]
23    def item = siteItemService.getSiteItem(it.localId)
24
25    event.image = item.image.text
26    event.title = item.title_s.text
27    event.date = DateUtils.parseModelValue(item.date_dt.text)
28    event.summary = item.summary_html.text
29
30    events.add(event)
31  }
32}
33
34templateModel.events = events

You might notice that we’re importing a utils.DateUtils class. This class is not part of CrafterCMS, but instead it is a Groovy class specific to the project. To be able to use this class, you should place it under scripts > classes and name it DateUtils.groovy, where everything after the groovy directory is part of the class’ package. It’s recommended for all Groovy classes to follow this convention.

 1package utils
 2
 3import java.text.SimpleDateFormat
 4
 5class DateUtils {
 6
 7  static def parseModelValue(value){
 8    def dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm:ss")
 9    dateFormat.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"))
10    return dateFormat.parse(value)
11  }
12
13  static def formatDateAsIso(date) {
14    def dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss'Z'")
15    dateFormat.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"))
16    return dateFormat.format(date)
17  }
18}

For more information on the FreeMarker (Templating) APIs, please see FreeMarker (Templating) API.

For more information on the Groovy APIs, please see Groovy API

Note

Scripts and Templates Security

Crafter Engine limits access to services when developing templates or scripts, and sandboxes scripts for security by default.

Crafter Engine only allows a small list of services available to use when developing templates or scripts. There are some sites that may require services not included by default.

To expose other services, follow the guide Access to Services

Scripts are executed in a sandbox that has a blacklist of insecure expressions to prevent code that could compromise the system. There are some cases though where a site requires access to one or more of the blacklisted expressions.

To override the default script sandbox configuration, follow the guide Script Sandbox Configuration

Creating Content Type Examples