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Content Modeling

Every content object in CrafterCMS is an object associated with a Content Model. Content Models allow you to add structure to your content and facilitate consumption via various visual representations or via APIs. One of the great things about CrafterCMS content models is that your content can be semi-structured which allows content authors the freedom to be as creative as they’d like to be, but provide the template/UI and API developers enough structure to produce solid multi-channel renditions of the content. This section will walk you through Content Type management in Crafter Studio to help you create the models that best fit your requirements.

Content Types in Crafter Studio

Content Type Management in Crafter Studio is located in the .

Content Types are limited to two core types: Pages and Components. Both are made up of three ingredients:

1. Model: The content pieces that will be captured from the content authors for the page or component

2. View: The view template that will render the content, typically to HTML markup

3. Controller: The controller that handles the incoming request for the page or component

Pages

Pages are top-level container types. Pages hold content, and optionally components. Content within pages is made up of various types, for example content can be a date, an image, or a rich text field.

Components

Components only differ from pages in that they can’t render by themselves, instead, they must render within a container page or another component.

Content Type Model Definition

Content models are defined via Crafter Studio’s graphical modeling tool under Content Types:

You can now either create a new content type or open an existing type. Creating a new content type brings up a dialog that requests some basic content type information.

You now specify:

• Display Label: The name of your new content type as you’ll see it in Crafter Studio.

• Content Type Name: The low-level system name of your content type, this field will be automatically generated for you. Modify this only if you know what you’re doing.

• Type: Choose if you’re defining a Page or a Component.

Note

Content Type Name will be removed in a future release in favor of full automation of name generation with collision resolution mechanics.

Form Builder Basics

Crafter Studio’s Form Builder

Label	Description
1	Content Type Actions: Open Existing Content Type or Create a New Type.
2	Form Builder: The beginning of the form builder and it’s headed by the name of the currently open Content Type. Click here to explore the global properties of the type in the Properties Explorer, #3.
3	Properties Explorer: Helps configure the properties of the currently selected item. Clicking on an item on the left side of the screen, like #2 or #7 will populate this control and allow you to modify the selected item.
4	Form Controls: This is a list of available form controls for you to build your own form with. Note that the list has a scrollbar for many types of useful controls. Controls can be dragged from the controls list onto the form builder.
5	Data Sources: Shows the list of available data sources that can be attached to this content type such that the content authors can pull content and incorporate it into pages or components. Data Sources can be dragged over to the form builder and configured as needed. The content author will then use the control to pull data from that data source into the content object.
6	Form Section: Form sections help cluster a number of controls together to make it easier for content authors. Click on the form section to edit its properties in the Properties Explorer.
7	Form Canvas: Actual controls that have been placed on this form. Clicking on a control will allow you to configure this control in the Properties Explorer.
8	Data Source: The data sources configured for this content type. To configure a data source, click on it and then edit the properties in the Properties Explorer.
9	Save or Cancel the changes to the Content Type.

Properties of Content Types

Let’s select the content type itself, by clicking on the content type name at the top of the Form Builder and explore its properties.

The fields available at this level are:

Field	Description
Title	Content Type’s friendly name
Description	Description of the Content Type
Object Type	Page or Component (read only)
Content Type	System name and path of this content type (read only)
Preview Image
Configuration	Contains config.xml which holds information about the content type such as the limit where content can be created, is it previewable, etc.
Controller	Contains controller.groovy which provides an extension/hook to authoring lifecycle events
Display Template	View template to use when rendering this content
Merge Strategy	The inheritance pattern to use with content of this type, please see Content Inheritance for more detail on this feature Content Inheritance
Show in Quick Create	Show this content type in the quick create menu from the context nav
Destination Path Pattern	Path pattern where the content created from quick create will be stored. The patterns available are the following: {objectId} Inserts a GUID. {year} Inserts the current year (4 digit year). {month} Inserts the current month (2-digit month of the year). {yyyy} Inserts the current year (4 digit year). {mm} Inserts the current month (2-digit month of the year). {dd} Inserts the current day (2-digit day of the month).

The 2 key properties are: the display template (Content Type View Templates) which is the HTML template that renders the final Web page; the content inheritance (Content Inheritance) which determines how this content type will inherit from parent XML files in the system.

Content Creation Permissions

Limiting where a content type can be created is through the Configuration Property of a content type (config.xml) using the following tags:

<paths>
  <includes>
    <pattern>REG_EXP_HERE</pattern>
  </includes>
</paths>

OR

<paths>
  <excludes>
    <pattern>REG_EXP_HERE</pattern>
  </excludes>
</paths>

You can only use one of either include or exclude. Use Include when you need to whitelist places, use exclude when you need to blacklist.

We’ll look at an example of limiting where you can create content from the Website_Editorial blueprint that comes out of the box.

From the Sidebar, click on at the bottom. Next, click on Content Types then either create a new content type or open an existing content type. In the image below, we have the content type Page - Article open for editing. Go to the Properties Explorer and click on Configuration. A pencil will appear next to the file name config.xml, click on that pencil to edit.

To limit where this particular content type can be created, the tags, <paths><includes><pattern>some_regex_pattern</pattern></includes></paths> are included towards the bottom of the file. Here, we can see that content type Page - Article can be created anywhere under /site/website/articles

<paths>
  <includes>
    <pattern>^/site/website/articles/.*</pattern>
  </includes>
</paths>

To see how the above tags/example works, go to the Sidebar and right click on the Home folder and select New Content. Notice that content type Page - Article is not available from the content types listed.

From the Sidebar again, navigate from the Pages folder to the /Home/articles/2016/12/ folder then right click and select New Content, notice that the content type Page - Article is available from the list.

To see more examples, try creating content types in the other folders in the Sidebar such as the Taxonomy folder, the Components folder and anywhere under the Pages folder.

Cascade on Delete Configuration

Cascade on delete allows the automatic deletion of child items matching a regexp when a content is deleted.

Enabling cascade on delete is configured through the content type Configuration property (config.xml) using the following tags:

<delete-dependencies>
  <delete-dependency>
    <pattern>REG_EXP_HERE</pattern>
    <remove-empty-folder>false</remove-empty-folder>
  </delete-dependency>
</delete-dependencies>

We’ll look at an example of how to enable cascade on delete on the Page - Article content type in the Website_editorial blueprint.

From the Sidebar, click on at the bottom. Next, click on Content Types, then Open an existing content type. We will select the content type Page - Article for editing. Next, go to the Properties Explorer and click on Configuration. A pencil will appear next to the file name config.xml, click on that pencil to edit.

We’re going to enable cascade on delete for articles (Page - Article content type) containing images under /static-assets/images/page, and we’ll also delete empty folders under /static-assets/images/page by adding the following code in the config.xml file:

<delete-dependencies>
  <delete-dependency>
    <pattern>(^/static-assets/images/page/.*)</pattern>
    <remove-empty-folder>true</remove-empty-folder>
  </delete-dependency>
</delete-dependencies>

To see cascade on delete in action, let’s create a new article (Page - Article content type) under one of the article folders in the Sidebar. Enter data in the required fields and remember to upload from desktop an image in the Image field in the Content section. Click on the Save & Close button.

Let’s look at the dependencies of our newly created article, where we expect the image under the static-assets/images/page will be deleted when we delete the article since we have configured cascade on delete for content type Page - Article for items under the directory static-assets/images/page:

Open the Sidebar and navigate to the newly created article. Right click on the newly created article and select Delete. Open the Dashboard and notice the items listed as deleted in the My Recent Activity widget.

Copy Dependencies Configuration

Copy dependencies allows the automatic copying of child items matching a regexp when a content is copied.

Enabling copy dependencies is configured through the content type Configuration property (config.xml) using the following tags:

<copy-dependencies>
  <copy-dependency>
    <pattern>REG_EXP_HERE</pattern>
    <target>FOLDER_FOR_COPIES</target>
  </copy-dependency>
</copy-dependencies>

We’ll look at an example of how to enable copy dependencies on the Page - Article content type in the Website_editorial blueprint.

From the Sidebar, click on at the bottom. Next, click on Content Types, then click on Open Existing Type. We will select the content type Page - Article for editing. Next, go to the Properties Explorer and click on Configuration. A pencil will appear next to the file name config.xml, click on that pencil to edit.

We’re going to enable copy dependencies for articles (Page - Article content type) containing images under /static-assets/images/ and placing the copies in folder /static-assets/images/articles/ by adding the following code in the config.xml file:

<copy-dependencies>
  <copy-dependency>
    <pattern>(^/static-assets/images/.*)</pattern>
    <target>/static-assets/images/articles/</target>
  </copy-dependency>
</copy-dependencies>

Click on Update, then save changes made to the content type by clicking on Save.

To see copy dependencies in action, let’s copy an article under one of the article folders from the Sidebar. First, we’ll create the folder articles under /static-assets/images. Next, we’ll navigate to articles/2016/12/Top Books For Young Women. Right click on the article and select Copy. Navigate to articles/2016/7, right click on the folder and select Paste.

Let’s look at the dependencies of our copied article, where we expect a copy of the image under the static-assets/images/articles will be located since we have configured cop dependencies for content type Page - Article for items under the directory static-assets/images:

Item Specific Dependencies

Item specific dependencies allows for the automatic copying of child items matching the regex pattern in the studio-config.yaml file when a content is copied. It also allows the automatic deletion of child items matching the regex pattern in the studio-config.yaml file when a content is deleted.

Below is the regex pattern for item specific dependencies:

# Regex pattern for item specific dependencies
studio.configuration.dependency.itemSpecificPatterns: /site/components/page/.*,/static-assets/page/.*,/site/components/item/.*,/static-assets/item/.*

/site/components/page/.* and /static-assets/page/.* are legacy regex pattern for backwards compatibility. Moving forward, we suggest using the following regex patterns for item specific dependencies: /site/components/item/.* and /static-assets/item/.*

Item specific dependencies are configured during content type creation. We’ll look at an example of how content is modeled to take advantage of item specific dependencies, using the Page - Article content type in the Website_editorial blueprint.

From the Sidebar, click on at the bottom. Next, click on Content Types, then click on Open Existing Type. We will select the content type Page - Article for editing.

Scroll to the Data Sources section, and click on Upload Images. Notice the value in the Repository Path property, which is the path where to store the new file uploaded from desktop.

Let’s take a closer look at the value for the Repository Path property. The value listed is:

/static-assets/item/images/{yyyy}/{mm}/{dd}/

where:

• {yyyy} inserts the current year when the image is uploaded (4 digit year)

• {mm} inserts the current month when the image is uploaded (2-digit month of the year)

• {dd} inserts the current day when the image is uploaded (2-digit day of the month)

To take advantage of item specific dependencies for copying and deleting, we will place uploaded items in /static-assets/item/. We added a folder image to better organize our items, since in this location, we will only be storing images. We also used the macros {yyyy}, {mm} and {dd}, again to better organize our image (we can browse by year, or by month, or by date). So, when an image is uploaded from the Desktop say on May 17, 2016, the image will be stored in the following location:

/static-assets/item/images/2016/05/17/

The macros {yyyy}, {mm} and {dd} are available for content modelers to use to better organize their site items. To see other macros available for content modelers, see Macros for Data Sources.

Let’s take a look at item specific dependencies in action for copying and deleting content. Let’s create a new article (Page-Article content type) under one of the article folders in the Sidebar. Enter data in the required fields and remember to upload from desktop an image in the Image field in the Content section. Click on the Save & Close button. Note the location where the image is uploaded.

From the Sidebar, navigate to the newly created article. Right click on the article and select Copy. Navigate to a different folder, right click on the folder and select Paste.

Let’s look at the dependencies of our copied article, where we expect a copy of the image under the /static-assets/item/images/2018/05/17 will be located since we have taken advantage of the item specific dependencies regex pattern of /static-assets/item/*.

Let’s also take a look at the static-assets folder to see the copy of the uploaded image

Now let’s take a look at what happens when we delete content with item specific dependencies. From the Sidebar, navigate to the article that we created. Right click on the article and select Delete. Click on the Delete button when the Delete dialog appears. Notice the items that will be deleted when we delete the article.

Open the Sidebar and the Dashboard and notice the items that are deleted. We deleted an article, and since the image is located in a path matching the regex pattern for item specific dependencies, the image is deleted along with the article.

Quick Create

Quick create allows content authors to create content with as few clicks as possible through a button from the context nav for configured content types.

Let’s take a look at an example on how to configure a content type to be available from the quick create button in the context nav for authors using the out of the box blueprint Website Editorial. In the image below, we have a site named mysite with the quick create button expanded. Notice that we have one content type available for quick create, the Page - Article content type.

If you look at the site tree as shown above, most of the content (the articles) is organized in a dated folder structure. Adding quick create for the Page - Article content type lets the content author skip having to open the Sidebar, then navigate through the site tree, create the year/month folder if it does not exist yet, then finally create their content.

To setup quick create for a content type, from the Sidebar, click on at the bottom. Next, click on Content Types, then click on Open Existing Type. We will select the content type Page - Article for editing. Next, go to the Properties Explorer and scroll to the Quick Create section of the properties.

Check the Show in Quick Create property to make the content type available from the quick create button of the Page - Article content type.

In the Destination Path Pattern, fill in the path pattern where the content created from quick create will be stored. For our example, notice that the articles are arranged in the following folder structure:

/articles
  /{year}
    /{month}

We will then put in /site/website/articles/{year}/{month} as the path pattern, which will put the new content into the year and month folder when the content author used quick create.

Below is the site tree after using the quick create button to create a new article titled New article using quick create, where the year and month folders were created for the new article using the value in the Destination Path Pattern property of the content type.

Form Controls

Form Controls are data input controls that, once placed on a form, will capture that input from the content authors and store it in the content object. CrafterCMS ships with a number of out-of-the-box controls and you can also create your own by reading Build a Form Engine Control.

Each Form Control type has it’s own properties and constraints. Some constraints are common, like “Variable Name” and “Required” while others apply only to the type, e.g. Height and Width limitations on the Image Picker control.

Here’s a list of available Form Engine Controls:

Control	Description
	Create a new section in the form, this is to help the content authors by segmenting a form into sections of similar concern. Details are in the Form Section Control page.
	Repeating groups are used when the form has one or several controls that repeat to capture the same data as records. For example: a list of images in a carousel, or a list of widgets on a page. Details are in the Repeating Group Control page.
	A simple textual input line. Details are in the Input Control page.
	A simple block of plain text. Details are in the Text Area Control page.
	A block of HTML. Details are in the Rich Text Editor (TinyMCE 2) Control page.
	A block of HTML. Details are in the Rich Text Editor (TinyMCE 5) Control page.
	Dropdown list of items to pick from. Details are in the Dropdown Control page.
	Date and Time field with a picker. Details are in the Date/Time Control page.
	True/False checkbox. Details are in the Checkbox Control page.
	Several checkboxes (true/false). Details are in the Grouped Checkboxes Control page.
	Item selector from a Data Source Details are in the Item Selector Control page.
	Image selector from a Data Source. Details are in the Image Control page.
	Video selector from a Data Source. Details are in the Video Control page.
	Transcoded Video selector from Video Transcoding Data Source. Details are in the Transcoded Video Control page.
	Details are in the Label Control page.
	Details are in the Page Order Control page.
	Details are in the Filename Control page.
	Details are in the Auto Filename Control page.

Form Control Variable Names

Every Form Control has a Variable Name property. The Variable Name is used by the form engine to store the content entered by the user in the content model and search index. This same Variable Name is used later by templates and controllers to retrieve the value.

Variable Name Best Practices

1. Be descriptive. Well thought out Variable Names help with template and controller readability.

2. Use camel case. Example: “productSummary”.

3. Use regex constraints on input boxes to enforce additional validation rules

4. Do not use Reserved names.

Reserved Variable Names

The following variable names are used by CrafterCMS.

Variable Name	Description
file-name*	Used by the File Name and Auto File Name control.
internal-name	Used by Crafter Studio to label the content object
placeInNav	Used by the Page Order control.
disabled	Used to logically remove an object in content delivery.
expired	Used to logically remove an object after date
expired_dt	Used to logically remove an object after date
objectId	UUID. Auto assigned by Crafter
objectGroupId	First part of objectId. Auto assigned by Crafter
createdDate	create date. Auto assigned by Crafter
createdDate_dt	Alternate name for create date. Auto assigned by Crafter
lastModifiedDate	Last modified date. Auto assigned by Crafter
lastModifiedDate_dt	Alternate name for last modified date. Auto assigned by Crafter
content-type	Content type name
display-template	Path to default template for type
merge-strategy	Crafter Core/Engine “Merge Strategy” for content type
id	reserved by Solr
authorizedRoles	Used to restrict pages based on roles
role	Contains the role required to access a page
mime-type	Mime-type name
force-https	HTTPS connection needs to be forced to access the page
navLabel	Navigation label
redirect-url	Redirect URL
crafterSite	Used to set the site value
localId	Name of the field for paths. Used by the deployer
rootId	Root Id name. Used by the deployer
includedDescriptors	Included descriptors field name. Used by the deployer
crafterPublishedDate	The name for the publish date field. Used by the deployer
disableFlattening	Used to indicate if XML flattening should be disabled when indexing XML. Used by the deployer
content	Used by the deployer
contentType	Name of field for mimeType. Used by the deployer
width	Used by the deployer
height	Used by the deployer
contentLength	Name of field for file size. Used by the deployer
lastEditedOn	Name of field for last edit date. Used by the deployer
internalName	Name of field for internal name. Used by the deployer

* Note on file names

CrafterCMS supports the following characters in file and folder names:

Alphanumeric, ,_,-,(,)

as a regex:

[a-zA-Z0-9-_  ()]+

It’s important to point out that Crafter Studio enforces this regex in its UI. However, if you’re working outside of Studio (in your IDE, for example) and you violate these rules, problems may arise downstream, so it’s best to stick the allowed characters.

Note

A note on the crafterSite reserved variable name

Crafter Engine and Crafter Studio identify which site a user is looking at by a number of different mechanisms with the following precedence:

• Headers

• QSA (Query String Parameters e.g. crafterSite)

• Cookie

Additionally, if the cookie is not aligned, the cookie is to be reset to what’s above it.

Variable Names and Search Indexing

CrafterCMS indexes your content in the search index using your content model variable name as the field name.

To facilitate indexing, the following suffix should be appended to variable names depending on the variable data type:

Type	Field Suffix	Multivalue Suffix (repeating groups)	Description
integer	_i	_is	a 32 bit signed integer
string	_s	_ss	String (UTF-8 encoded string or Unicode). A string value is indexed as a single unit.
long	_l	_ls	a 64 bit signed integer
text	_t	_txt	Multiple words or tokens
boolean	_b	_bs	true or false
float	_f	_fs	IEEE 32 bit floating point number
double	_d	_ds	IEEE 64 bit floating point number
date	_dt	_dts	A date in ISO 8601 date format
time	_to	_tos	A time in HH:mm:ss format (the value will be set to date 1/1/1970 automatically)
text with html tags	_html

Model fields require their respective data type postfix as listed above. The UI autofills the Name/ Variable Name field and adds postfixes as you’re typing in the Title field.

When setting up reserved variable names for your model, remember to remove the postfix auto-added by the UI since the variable name needs to be exactly the same as listed above.

Remember to also remove the postfix auto-added by the UI when using key or value for your variable names being setup as key-value pairs in a content type, such as the Taxonomy content type used in the Website Editorial blueprint.

Please note that indexed text fields are case insensitive when performing a search, while string fields are case sensitive. Also, queries using string fields will only match full values besides being case sensitive.

If performing a case insensitive search on a string field is desired, CrafterCMS provides a way by enabling tokenization of the field in the content type. To enable tokenization of a string field in Studio, put a check in the checkbox labeled Tokenize for Indexing in the properties section of the content type field. Below is the Page - Article content type in a site created using the Website Editorial blueprint, showing the field Author with the Tokenize for Indexing option:

It should also be noted that when the tokenize option is enabled, a second field will be created with the _t postfix. This second field with the _t postfix should be used in queries to be case insensitive and match tokens. In our example above, the field author_t should be used in queries instead of author_s to be case insensitive and match tokens.

Let’s take a look at an example of queries performed on a string field with tokenize enabled and compare the results of using the field with the _s postfix and the second field created when we enabled tokenize with the _t postfix. We’ll use the Author field shown above with Tokenize for Indexing enabled. Here are the results of the queries using the author_s and author_t fields:

Query	Matches author_s?	Matches author_t?
Jane	No	Yes
jane	No	Yes
Jane Doe	Yes	Yes
jane doe	No	Yes
Jane doe	No	Yes

Data Sources

Data Sources are pickers that help pull in content from internal or external storage/systems. For example, data source include: desktop video uploader, desktop image uploader, and so on. CrafterCMS ships with a number of out-of-the-box data sources and you can also create your own by reading Build a Form Engine Data Source.

Data Sources allows the content model designer to decide where different assets uploaded via different controls go (for instance icons, images, RTE related assets, etc.). It has it’s own properties, like “Repository Path”, which specifies the path where assets are stored, which help keep the system consistent over time. The storage destination designed in the model dictates how those assets are handled during a duplicate event (duplicate the asset or duplicate the reference to the asset).

There are a couple of data source that also dictates how components are handled during duplicate/copy events. The Shared Content data source will duplicate/copy the reference to a component during a duplicate/copy event and is used for components that need to be shared across pages or components. For components that belong exclusively to a content object, use the Embedded Content data source.

The shared-content data sources also provides an option to allow users to search for existing items (Enable Search Existing property) in addition to browsing. This provides users ease of managing lots of items/assets.

Data sources are usually used in conjunction with a control in the content type, for example, the Item Selector Control is used for selecting files to be uploaded when bound with the File Uploaded from Desktop Data Source data source.

Let’s take a look at a shared content data source in a site created using the Video Center blueprint from the Marketplace.

Open the Sidebar then click on . Click on Content Types and select Stream, then click on the Open Type button. Scroll down to the Data Sources section, then click on Origins, a shared content data source. Notice how a Item Selector Control control is used for selecting shared content Origin. In the Properties Explorer on the right side, put a check mark on Enable Search Existing property so users can search for existing items.

To see the property we setup in action, open the Sidebar, then navigate to /streams. Right click on any of the items, say, AlphaGo, then click on Edit. Scroll down to the Content section of the form. In the Origin field, select the item next to it (ShakaDemo) then click on the x button to remove it. We’ll now add a new one, by clicking on the Add button, then select Search for Existing - Origins.

A search dialog will open displaying in a grid view, items the user can search through, select, filter, etc. As we can see, the search option makes it easier for users to pick items instead of scrolling through all the available items, especially for say sites with hundreds or even thousands of items/assets.

Form Engine Data Sources (please use the scrollbar to see more data sources)

Datasource	Description
	Details are in the Shared Content Data Source page.
	Details are in the Embedded Content Data Source page.
	Details are in the Child Content Data Source (Deprecated) page.
	Details are in the Image Uploaded from Desktop Data Source page.
	Details are in the Image from Repository Data Source page.
	Details are in the File Uploaded from Desktop Data Source page.
	Details are in the File Browse Data Source page.
	Details are in the CMIS Repository Data Source page.
	Details are in the Image from CMIS Repository Data Source page.
	Details are in the Video from CMIS Repository Data Source page.
	Details are in the CMIS File Upload Data Source page.
	Details are in the Image Upload to CMIS Repository Data Source page.
	Details are in the Video from CMIS Repository Data Source page.
	Details are in the File from WebDAV Repository Data Source page.
	Details are in the Image from WebDAV Repository Data Source page.
	Details are in the Video from WebDAV Repository Data Source page.
	Details are in the WebDAV File Upload Data Source page.
	Details are in the WebDAV Image Upload Data Source page.
	Details are in the WebDAV Video Upload Data Source page.
	Details are in the S3 Repository Data Source page.
	Details are in the Image from S3 Repository Data Source page.
	Details are in the Video from S3 Repository Data Source page.
	Details are in the S3 File Upload Data Source page.
	Details are in the S3 Image Upload Data Source page.
	Details are in the S3 Video Upload Data Source page.
	Details are in the Video Upload then Transcode from S3 using MediaConvert Data Source page
	Details are in the Video Uploaded from Desktop Data Source page.
	Details are in the Video from Repository Data Source page.
	Details are in the Static Key Value Pairs Data Source page.
	Details are in the Site Component Data Source page.

Macros for Data Sources

There are a number of macros available for the content model designer to use in data sources. These macros are used when uploading assets to better organize site items, usually in the Repository Path property of the data source for uploading. Here are the available macros:

Macro	Description
{objectId}	Inserts a GUID
{objectGroupId}	Inserts the first 4 characters of a GUID
{objectGroupId2}	Inserts the first 2 characters of a GUID
{year}	Inserts the current year (4 digit year)
{month}	Inserts the current month (2-digit month of the year)
{parentPath}	Inserts the parent path of the component/page containing the upload controls
{parentPath[index]}	Inserts the sub element of a parent path using an index, of the component/page containing the upload controls
{yyyy}	Inserts the current year (4 digit year)
{mm}	Inserts the current month (2-digit month of the year)
{dd}	Inserts the current day (2-digit day of the month)

For an example of how the macros are used when modeling your content, the website_editorial blueprint uses some of the macros available in the content type Page - Article.

The section Item Specific Dependencies above details the use of some of the macros in the website_editorial blueprint, content type Page - Article.

Note

For both the parentPath and parentPath[index] macros, the path starts without /site/website and /site/components.

For example, if in the repository the parent is a page, and the page URL in the repository is /site/website/en/about-us/index.xml, then the parentPath is /en/about-us/index.xml.

If in the repository the parent is a component, and the component URL in the repository is /site/components/en/products/myproduct.xml, then the parentPath is /en/products/myproduct.xml.

Data Sources macro: parentPath[index]

The parentPath[index] macro provides resolution support for sub elements of a parent path in Crafter Studio. It pulls a single sub / of the parent path with the following syntax {parentpath[index]}

Here are some examples:

If the parentPath is /en/mypage, then to get the sub element en, use 0 as the index in the macro like so {parentpath[0]}

If the parentPath is /products/household/cleaning then to get the sub element household, use 1 as the index in the macro like so {parentpath[1]}

Form Canvas

The canvas is where the form actually gets built. The building process is performed by simply dragging the controls from the Form Controls over to the canvas, rearranging the controls in the order you’d like to present to the content authors, and configuring the controls individually.

Controls on the canvas are configured by clicking on the control, and then editing the control’s configuration in the Properties Explorer, see item #3 in Form Builder Basics. Different controls have different configuration, so please review the individual form control configuration listed in Form Controls.

Two controls have a special significance to the form canvas: Form Section Control and Repeating Group Control. Form Section Control creates a form section that can be expanded and collapsed and holds within it other controls. This is typically used to group together controls that cover a similar concern and help provide the content authors with a clear and organized form when editing in form mode. Like the Form Section Control, Repeating Group Control is also a container that holds other controls, but the purpose is to allow a set of controls to repeat as configured. This is typically used to allow content authors to enter a set of meta-data and repeat it as many times as desired and permitted by configuration.

The canvas allows the form-based content capture only, and is used by content authors when they’re in that mode. In-Context Editing will leverage the form components, but not the canvas when authors are in that mode. Learn more about In-Context Editing configuration in In-Context Editing.

Content Type View Templates

View templates control how the model is rendered as HTML. Crafter uses FreeMarker as the templating engine, and provide the full model defined by the model in the previous section. Every element in the model is accessible to the view template via a simple API ${contentModel.VARIABLE_NAME} where variable name is the Name / Variable Name definition in the Form Control. View templates are primarily written in HTML, backed by CSS with API calls weaved within to pull content from the primary CrafterCMS model or additional model (via APIs, please read Groovy API for that topic).

An example view template

<#import "/templates/system/common/cstudio-support.ftl" as studio />

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <!-- Basic Page Need
    ================================================== -->
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>${contentModel.browser_title}</title>
    <meta name="description" content="${contentModel.meta_description}">
    <meta name="keywords" content="${contentModel.meta_keywords}">
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="body" <@studio.iceAttr iceGroup="body"/>>
      ${contentModel.body_html}
    </div>

    <#if (contentModel.analytics_script)??>${contentModel.analytics_script}</#if>
  </body>
</html>

The simple example renders a simple HTML page with a very basic model. Let’s review the model first:

Model Element	Control	Purpose
browser_title	Input	Provide a browser title for the page
meta_keywords	Input	SEO keywords associated with the page
body_html	Rich Text Editor	The page’s main HTML body (in this case, it’s just a static HTML block).
analytics_script	Text Area	Analytics’s Engine JavaScript

The FreeMarker language is supported. For detailed Freemarker documentation, please visit: http://freemarker.org

Content Type Controller Definition

Crafter page and components can have their own controller scripts too, that are executed before the page or component is rendered, and that can contribute to the model of the template. These scripts, besides the common variables, have the templateModel and the contentModel available. The templateModel is the actual map model of the template, and any variable put in it will be accessible directly in the template, eg. if the script has the line templateModel.var = 5, then in the template the var’s value can be printed with ${var}. The contentModel is the XML descriptor content, of type SiteItem. The scripts don’t have to return any result, just populate the templateModel.

There are 2 ways in which you can “bind” a script to a page or component:

1. Put the script under Scripts > pages or Scripts > components, and name it after the page or component content type.

2. When creating the content type for the page or component, add an Item Selector with the variable name scripts. Later when creating a page or component of that type, you can select multiple scripts that will be associated to the page or component.

The following is an example of a component script. The component content type is /component/upcoming-events. We can then place the script in Scripts > components > upcoming-events.groovy so that it is executed for all components of that type.

import org.craftercms.engine.service.context.SiteContext

import utils.DateUtils

def now = DateUtils.formatDateAsIso(new Date())
def queryStr = "crafterSite:\"${siteContext.siteName}\" AND content-type:\"/component/event\" AND disabled:\"false\" AND date_dt:[${now} TO *]"
def start = 0
def rows = 1000
def sort = "date_dt asc"
def query = searchService.createQuery()

query.setQuery(queryStr)
query.setStart(start)
query.setRows(rows)
query.addParam("sort", sort)
query.addParam("fl", "localId")

def events = []
def searchResults = searchService.search(query)
if (searchResults.response) {
  searchResults.response.documents.each {
    def event = [:]
    def item = siteItemService.getSiteItem(it.localId)

    event.image = item.image.text
    event.title = item.title_s.text
    event.date = DateUtils.parseModelValue(item.date_dt.text)
    event.summary = item.summary_html.text

    events.add(event)
  }
}

templateModel.events = events

You might notice that we’re importing a utils.DateUtils class. This class is not part of CrafterCMS, but instead it is a Groovy class specific to the site. To be able to use this class, you should place it under scripts > classes and name it DateUtils.groovy, where everything after the groovy directory is part of the class’ package. It’s recommended for all Groovy classes to follow this convention.

package utils

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat

class DateUtils {

  static def parseModelValue(value){
    def dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm:ss")
    dateFormat.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"))
    return dateFormat.parse(value)
  }

  static def formatDateAsIso(date) {
    def dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss'Z'")
    dateFormat.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"))
    return dateFormat.format(date)
  }
}

For more information on the FreeMarker (Templating) APIs, please see FreeMarker (Templating) API.

For more information on the Groovy APIs, please see Groovy API

Note

Scripts and Templates Security

Crafter Engine limits access to services when developing templates or scripts, and sandboxes scripts for security by default.

Crafter Engine only allows a small list of services available to use when developing templates or scripts. There are some sites that may require services not included by default.

To expose other services, follow the guide Access to Services

Scripts are executed in a sandbox that has a blacklist of insecure expressions to prevent code that could compromise the system. There are some cases though where a site requires access to one or more of the blacklisted expressions.

To override the default script sandbox configuration, follow the guide Script Sandbox Configuration

Creating Content Type Examples

• Page Content Type
• Component Content Type